1837 – Charles Babbage proposed the Analytical Engine
1843 – Ada Lovelace wrote first algorithm
1936 – Alan Turing proposed Turing Machine
1943 – Colossus computer developed for code-breaking
1945 – ENIAC design started
1946 – ENIAC completed
1947 – Transistor invented by Bardeen, Brattain, Shockley
1949 – EDSAC computer completed
1950 – Alan Turing published “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”
1951 – UNIVAC I installed
1956 – First hard disk drive by IBM
1958 – Integrated circuit invented by Jack Kilby / Robert Noyce
1960 – COBOL developed
1964 – IBM System/360 introduced
1965 – Moore’s Law formulated by Gordon Moore
1969 – ARPANET created (first packet-switched network)
1971 – First microprocessor Intel 4004
1972 – C programming language created by Dennis Ritchie
1973 – Ethernet developed by Robert Metcalfe
1975 – Microsoft founded by Bill Gates & Paul Allen
1976 – Apple founded by Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak
1977 – Apple II released
1981 – IBM PC launched
1983 – Domain Name System (DNS) introduced
1984 – Apple Macintosh released
1985 – Microsoft Windows 1.0 released
1989 – Tim Berners-Lee proposed World Wide Web
1991 – Linux kernel released by Linus Torvalds
1993 – Mosaic web browser released
1995 – Windows 95 released
1998 – Google founded
2004 – Facebook founded
2007 – First iPhone launched
2009 – Bitcoin introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto
2010 – iPad released
About Computers
ENIAC – 1946 – First general-purpose electronic digital computer – John Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert – USA
EDVAC – 1949 – Stored-program computer – John von Neumann – USA
UNIVAC I – 1951 – First commercially produced computer – John Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert – USA
EDSAC – 1949 – First practical stored-program computer – Maurice Wilkes – UK
Colossus – 1943 – First programmable electronic computer – UK code-breaking (Bletchley Park)
Z3 – 1941 – First programmable electromechanical computer – Konrad Zuse – Germany
Z1 – 1938 – Mechanical binary computer – Konrad Zuse – Germany
IBM System/360 – 1964 – Mainframe computer family – IBM – USA
Altair 8800 – 1975 – First successful personal microcomputer – Ed Roberts – USA
Apple I – 1976 – Early personal computer – Steve Wozniak & Steve Jobs – USA
Apple II – 1977 – Popular personal computer – Steve Wozniak & Steve Jobs – USA
IBM PC – 1981 – Standardized personal computer – IBM – USA
Cray-1 – 1976 – First commercial supercomputer – Seymour Cray – USA
Intel 4004 – 1971 – First microprocessor – Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, Stanley Mazor – USA
Intel 8008 – 1972 – Early 8-bit microprocessor – Intel – USA
Intel 8080 – 1974 – Popular 8-bit microprocessor – Intel – USA
IBM 701 – 1952 – IBM’s first commercial scientific computer – IBM – USA
DEC PDP-1 – 1960 – Early minicomputer – Digital Equipment Corporation – USA
LINC – 1962 – First personal minicomputer for lab use – USA
TX-0 – 1956 – Early transistorized computer – MIT – USA
Manchester Mark 1 – 1949 – Early stored-program computer – UK
Ferranti Mark 1 – 1951 – First commercially available computer – UK
ENIAC II – 1958 – Improved ENIAC version – USA
BESM-6 – 1965 – Soviet mainframe computer – USSR
MITS Altair 8800b – 1975 – Predecessor to PC revolution – USA
IBM 1401 – 1959 – Popular business computer – IBM – USA
DEC PDP-8 – 1965 – First successful commercial minicomputer – Digital Equipment Corporation – USA
IBM 7090 – 1959 – Transistorized scientific computer – IBM – USA
IBM 7010 – 1960s – Mainframe series – IBM – USA
Ferranti Pegasus – 1956 – Early British computer – UK
ILLIAC I – 1952 – University of Illinois computer – USA
ILLIAC II – 1962 – Improved ILLIAC I – USA
CDC 6600 – 1964 – First supercomputer – Seymour Cray – USA
IBM System/370 – 1970 – Mainframe family – IBM – USA
Cray X-MP – 1982 – Supercomputer – Seymour Cray – USA
Cray Y-MP – 1988 – Supercomputer – Seymour Cray – USA
CDC 7600 – 1969 – Supercomputer – Seymour Cray – USA
TRS-80 – 1977 – Early personal computer – Tandy/Radio Shack – USA
Commodore PET – 1977 – Early personal computer – Commodore – USA
Amiga 1000 – 1985 – Multimedia personal computer – Commodore – USA
NeXT Computer – 1988 – Advanced workstation – Steve Jobs – USA
IBM Deep Blue – 1997 – Chess-playing supercomputer – IBM – USA
ENIAC replica – 1996 – Museum project – USA
Cray-2 – 1985 – Supercomputer – Seymour Cray – USA
IBM 305 RAMAC – 1956 – First computer with hard disk – IBM – USA
Manchester Baby – 1948 – First stored-program experimental computer – UK
Ferranti Mark 1 Star – 1951 – Commercial version – UK
BASIC Stamp – 1992 – Microcontroller – Parallax – USA
Raspberry Pi – 2012 – Single-board computer – UK
Intel 8086 – 1978 – 16-bit microprocessor – Intel – USA
Intel 80286 – 1982 – 16-bit microprocessor – Intel – USA
Intel 80386 – 1985 – 32-bit microprocessor – Intel – USA
Intel 80486 – 1989 – 32-bit microprocessor – Intel – USA
Pentium – 1993 – 32-bit microprocessor – Intel – USA
Intel Core i3/i5/i7 – 2008+ – Modern microprocessors – Intel – USA
Generation Wise
First Generation (1940–1956) – Vacuum Tubes
ENIAC – 1946 – USA – John Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert
EDVAC – 1949 – USA – John von Neumann
UNIVAC I – 1951 – USA – John Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert
EDSAC – 1949 – UK – Maurice Wilkes
IBM 701 – 1952 – USA – IBM
Colossus – 1943 – UK – Code-breaking
Manchester Mark 1 – 1949 – UK
Second Generation (1956–1963) – Transistors
IBM 1401 – 1959 – USA – IBM
IBM 7090 – 1959 – USA – IBM
BESM-6 – 1965 – USSR
ILLIAC I – 1952 – USA – University of Illinois
DEC PDP-1 – 1960 – USA – Digital Equipment Corporation
Ferranti Pegasus – 1956 – UK
Third Generation (1964–1971) – Integrated Circuits (ICs)
IBM System/360 – 1964 – USA – IBM
CDC 6600 – 1964 – USA – Seymour Cray (Supercomputer)
DEC PDP-8 – 1965 – USA – Digital Equipment Corporation
ILLIAC II – 1962 – USA
IBM 7010 – 1960s – USA
Fourth Generation (1971–1990) – Microprocessors
Intel 4004 – 1971 – USA – Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, Stanley Mazor
Intel 8008 – 1972 – USA – Intel
Intel 8080 – 1974 – USA – Intel
Altair 8800 – 1975 – USA – Ed Roberts
Apple I – 1976 – USA – Steve Wozniak & Steve Jobs
Apple II – 1977 – USA – Steve Wozniak & Steve Jobs
IBM PC – 1981 – USA – IBM
TRS-80 – 1977 – USA – Tandy / Radio Shack
Commodore PET – 1977 – USA – Commodore
Cray-1 – 1976 – USA – Seymour Cray (Supercomputer)
Cray X-MP – 1982 – USA – Seymour Cray (Supercomputer)
Fifth Generation (1990–Present) – AI, Parallel Processing, Advanced Microprocessors
Intel Pentium – 1993 – USA – Intel
Intel Core i3/i5/i7 – 2008+ – USA – Intel
Raspberry Pi – 2012 – UK – Single-board computer
IBM Deep Blue – 1997 – USA – Chess-playing supercomputer
Apple iPhone – 2007 – USA – Steve Jobs & Apple team
iPad – 2010 – USA – Apple
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