Calcuating Devices

 

S.N	Calculating Device	Inventor	Year	Purpose
1	Abacus	Unknown (Ancient China)	~3000 BC	First device used for counting and basic arithmetic
2	Napier’s Bones	John Napier	1617	Used for multiplication and division
3	Slide Rule	William Oughtred	1622	Used for multiplication, division, roots, logarithms
4	Pascaline	Blaise Pascal	1642	Could perform addition and subtraction
5	Stepped Reckoner	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz	1673	Performed addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
6	Difference Engine	Charles Babbage	1822	Used to calculate mathematical tables
7	Analytical Engine	Charles Babbage	1837	First concept of a programmable computer
8	Tabulating Machine	Herman Hollerith	1890	Used to process U.S. census data

People and Their Invension.

S.N	Person	Brief History / Contribution
1	John Napier	Invented Napier’s Bones (1617) to simplify multiplication and division using rods. Also introduced logarithms.
2	William Oughtred	Invented the Slide Rule (1622) which engineers used for calculations for many years.
3	Blaise Pascal	Invented Pascaline (1642), the first mechanical calculator that could perform addition and subtraction.
4	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz	Built the Stepped Reckoner (1673) which could perform multiplication and division automatically.
5	Joseph Marie Jacquard	Invented the Jacquard Loom (1801) that used punched cards to control weaving patterns. This idea later influenced computer programming.
6	Charles Babbage	Known as the Father of the Computer. Designed the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, the first concept of a programmable computer.
7	Ada Lovelace	Wrote the first computer algorithm for Babbage’s Analytical Engine. She is known as the first computer programmer.
8	Herman Hollerith	Invented the Tabulating Machine (1890) using punched cards to process census data faster. His company later became IBM.
9	Howard Aiken	Developed the Harvard Mark I computer in 1944.
10	John von Neumann	Proposed the stored-program concept, which is the basic architecture of modern computers.