|
Term |
Type of
Storage |
Era /
Generation |
How It
Works |
Purpose /
Use |
Example /
Notes |
|
Magnetic
Drum |
Primary /
Secondary memory |
1950s–1960s
(First/Second Gen) |
Cylinder
coated with magnetic material rotates; read/write heads access data |
Early main
memory for programs and data |
IBM 650 used
magnetic drum memory; access was sequential (slow) |
|
Magnetic
Tape |
Sequential
secondary storage |
1950s–present |
Data stored
on long magnetic ribbon wound on reels; read/write by tape drive heads |
Backup,
archiving, and large data storage |
Still used
in banks, data centers for backups |
|
Magnetic
Disk (Hard Disk / HDD) |
Random
access secondary storage |
1956–present |
Data stored
on spinning metal/platter coated with magnetic material; read/write
heads move over surface |
Main storage
for files, programs |
IBM 305
RAMAC (1956) first commercial HDD |
|
Magnetic
Bubble Memory |
Non-volatile
memory |
1970s–1980s
(Experimental / Niche) |
Uses tiny magnetic
domains (“bubbles”) in a thin film to store data; manipulated with
magnetic fields |
Replaces
some RAM / ROM for rugged devices |
Non-volatile,
no moving parts, slow but reliable; used in aerospace and industrial
applications |
|
Core
Memory (Magnetic Core) |
Primary
memory |
1950s–1970s
(First/Second Gen) |
Tiny magnetic
rings (cores) threaded with wires; direction of magnetization stores 1 or
0 |
Main memory
(RAM) for computers |
IBM 704, PDP
series used core memory; very durable |
|
Floppy
Disk |
Secondary
storage |
1970s–1990s |
Thin magnetic
disk inside protective casing; read/write via floppy drive |
Portable
data storage |
5.25” and
3.5” floppies, slowly replaced by optical and flash storage |
|
Zip Disk
/ Magneto-Optical Disk |
Secondary
storage |
1990s |
Magnetic +
optical technology to read/write data |
Portable
storage, higher capacity than floppies |
Used in
professional graphics / data storage before USB drives |
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