| GENERATION |
IMPORTANT TIMELINE |
KEY PEOPLE / INVENTORS |
MAIN TECHNOLOGY / PROCESSOR |
INPUT METHOD |
OUTPUT METHOD |
STORAGE |
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE |
WHY IT WAS CREATED |
HOW IT WAS CREATED |
USED UNTIL |
ADVANTAGES |
DISADVANTAGES |
| 1ST GENERATION COMPUTERS |
1940 – 1956 |
J. Presper Eckert, John Mauchly, concept by Charles Babbage |
Vacuum Tubes |
Punch Cards, Paper Tape |
Printouts |
Magnetic Drum |
Machine Language (0 & 1) |
Military calculations and scientific research (World War II) |
Thousands of vacuum tubes wired together |
~1956 |
First electronic computers, faster than manual calculation |
Very large, expensive, produced heat, consumed huge electricity |
| 2ND GENERATION COMPUTERS |
1956 – 1963 |
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, William Shockley |
Transistors |
Punch Cards |
Printers, Monitors |
Magnetic Core Memory |
Assembly, FORTRAN, COBOL |
Make computers smaller, faster and reliable |
Vacuum tubes replaced by transistor circuits |
~1963 |
Smaller, faster, less heat, more reliable |
Still expensive, required cooling |
| 3RD GENERATION COMPUTERS |
1964 – 1971 |
Jack Kilby, Robert Noyce |
Integrated Circuits (IC) |
Keyboard, Punch Cards |
Monitor, Printer |
Magnetic Disk |
BASIC, PASCAL |
Increase processing power and reduce cost |
Many transistors on single silicon chip |
~1971 |
Smaller, faster, cheaper, multitasking possible |
Still needed air conditioning |
| 4TH GENERATION COMPUTERS |
1971 – Present |
Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin |
Microprocessor (VLSI) |
Keyboard, Mouse |
Monitor, Printer, GUI |
Hard Disk, SSD |
C, C++, Java |
Create personal computers for everyday use |
Entire CPU placed on single microprocessor chip |
Still used today |
Very small, powerful, cheap, portable |
Security issues, electronic waste |
| 5TH GENERATION COMPUTERS |
Present – Future |
Organizations like IBM and Google |
Artificial Intelligence, ULSI, Quantum Processors |
Voice, Touch, Sensors |
AI responses, VR/AR displays |
Cloud Storage, Quantum Memory |
Python, Prolog |
Build intelligent systems that can think and learn |
AI algorithms, neural networks, quantum research |
Ongoing |
Automation, smart decision making |
Expensive research, ethical concerns |
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